Returns the active cache directory path. Checks, in order: the cache_dir
argument, the DATASUSR_CACHE_DIR environment variable, the
datasusr.cache_dir option, and finally a session-scoped subdirectory of
tempdir(). To opt in to a persistent cache across sessions, set the
DATASUSR_CACHE_DIR environment variable, the datasusr.cache_dir option,
or pass cache_dir explicitly (for example,
tools::R_user_dir("datasusr", "cache")).